Monthly Archives

October 2024

JUDITH AND HOLOFERNES

During that far time when there were many gods

and the kings of Assyria considered

the world lying west of the Euphrates,

from that river to the Sea of Joppa,

theirs by right of threat of conquest, in Shechem –

that some call Bethulia, some Nablus,

between  Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim –

lived a beautiful woman named Judith.

She was a widow with a maid servant,

and dunams of wheat fields, and olive groves,

and scrublands for grazing flocks of goats and sheep.

 

Allegedly, this nubile woman’s courage,

cunning, and her zeal for her god saved

her people from slaughter. She has been

immortalised – by Caravaggio,

Gentileschi, Bigot, and Klimt twice.

Sometimes her maid servant appears –

but only the head of Holofernes,

the Assyrian general threatening

Shechem, and whom Judith cajoled into wine,

and decapitated in his stupor.

 

Hers has become a tale increasingly

salaciously painted by Europeans;

a sort of Red Riding Hood for grown ups;

a PC version of Salomé

and John the Baptist; a cautionary tale

for bibulous tyrants; a reckoning

for the straitened widows of Shechem,

Bethulia, Nablus.

 

 

FEAR AND REVELATION

The Soviet authorities permitted

the poet Anna Akhmatova

to travel to Sicily – without

a KGB chaperone – to receive

a literary award in Taormina.

She stayed at the luxury five star hotel

where the ceremony was due to be held.

 

***

 

She had queued every day for seventeen months

to visit her son at the Crosses Prison

in Leningrad. On one occasion

another mother recognised her,

and whispered her name. Another, who had had

no idea who or what she was, asked,

also in a whisper, ‘Can you describe this?’

 

Her poem REQUIEM – dedicated

to the strangers, the chance friends with whom she shared

those months of waiting in purgatory – ends

with the thought of the terror of forgetting

how each day the iron gates of the prison

slammed, and an old woman howled like a beast,

and the horror of only remembering

the cooing, cooing of the prison dove,

and the barges silent on the Neva.

The long poem begins: ‘Leningrad

was a place where only the dead could smile’.

 

***

 

The first night in Taormina she wrote

in her diary: ‘I am almost in

Africa, everything is in bloom

all around, and it glows, it smells. The sea

is shining. Tonight there will be a

poetry reading in the hotel,

tomorrow the conferral of the prize’…

 

…uncowed survivor of censorship,

lyric poet of love and elegy,

laureate of the tangential image,

memorialist of fear and revelation.

 

 

THE DEATH OF PRIMO LEVI

I still have the paperback copy of his

IF THIS IS A MAN – with its red covers,

and an illustration on the front

of a menacing SS Officer

holding a horse whip – bought in Woolworths

more than sixty years ago. The clear,

precise, and almost dispassionate

prose, the self-deprecatory honesty,

the compassion, the scientific

pragmatism, the determination

to bear witness held me then, and still.

 

The title of the penultimate chapter

of IF THIS IS MAN is ‘The Last One’.

One evening, towards the end of December

1944, after the usual

day of forced labour, the inmates were not sent

to their huts but to the square used for roll call,

surrounded by guards with un-muzzled dogs.

It was lit by searchlights that illuminated

their wretchedness, and the scaffold before which

they stood in silent, shivering ranks to watch

an execution – that probably would be

the last before the Red Army arrived

in a matter of weeks. One of the ovens

had been blown up. The culprit was to be hanged.

As the noose was placed around his neck he shouted,

“Kameradan, ich bin der Letzte!”

‘I wish I could say that from the midst of us,

an abject flock, a voice rose, a murmur,

a sign of assent. But nothing happened…’

 

After his release from Auschwitz it was

nine months before he got home to Turin

in October 1945.

That December – starting with the last chapter –

he began drafting IF THIS IS A MAN.

In adulthood I have acquired few heroes.

Primo Levi was one – the survival of

intellect, creativity, humour,

and humanity. When I first heard

the announcement on the evening news

of his death by suicide I felt

disappointed – and then ashamed

to have been so facile, so censorious,

so proprietary, as if my respect

and his fame meant his life belonged to me.

 

In time doubts were raised about the how and why

of his death: had he jumped – or had he fallen

down the stairwell of his Turin apartment block;

had the horrors of Auschwitz finally

overwhelmed him, or was it a case

of a pre-occupied man in his late

sixties simply tripping? The doubts persist.

The evidence is circumstantial.

 

Ten minutes or so before he fell,

Levi – a secular Jew, with a troubled,

ambiguous attitude not to

the concept but the state of Israel:

its violent incursions into Lebanon,

for example, its appropriation

of the Shoah – had, for the first time ever,

spoken on the phone with the Chief Rabbi in Rome.

He explained that he and his wife looked after

her mother and his, who was sick with cancer

and whom he could not bear to look at.

She resembled the dying in Auschwitz.

 

Though he was someone for whom carefully chosen

words – poetry, memoirs, essays, prose fiction –

were all that might somehow baffle chaos

briefly, he left no note.

 

 

 

TRAILS OF TEARS

Alexis De Tocqueville, in DEMOCRACY

IN AMERICA, witnesses an event

on the Trail of Tears: the expulsion

of the so-called Five Civilised Tribes –

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee,

and Seminole – from the Deep South.

They were expelled to make way for share croppers,

gold prospectors, cotton plantations.

The government promised the people asylum

on what it described as empty grasslands

to the west of the Mississippi.

 

In December 1831

De Tocqueville is in Memphis, Tennessee.

The snow has frozen hard, and immense ice floes

are moving fast down the Mississippi.

He watches a large family group of Choctaws

arrive, among them are old people dying

and newborns. Their possessions are only

what they have been able to carry

on the long exhausting walk from the south east.

They are silent as they pass him, knowing

their injuries are beyond remedy.

There is no room for their dogs in the vessels

that will take them across to the west bank.

As the boats leave the shore the dogs begin to howl,

then enter the icy waters to follow them.

 

***

 

De Tocqueville’s sympathetic testimony

seems the exception that proves the following

rule: that it is some sort of hubris makes

those of European heritage

record and justify – almost by default –

in detail, and with self-righteousness,

their settler-colonial iniquities,

their removal of people from their homelands,

their furtherance of capitalism,

whether by cavalry, cannons, starvation,

litigation, fraud, whether in

the Americas, Ireland, Siberia,

Australia, Algeria, New Zealand,

Indo-China, Malaya, Kenya,

Tanzania, Uganda, Rhodesia,

South Africa…

 

 

THE DESERTED VILLAGE

Shortly after the start of the Gaza war

the villagers sought sanctuary

for themselves and their flocks of goats and sheep

with family and friends elsewhere in the West Bank,

while their immediate neighbours – messianic

tyrants, gangsters, bullies – trashed the place,

destroying most of the olive trees

and the buildings, including a school

constructed earlier this century.

 

After due process the Israeli High Court

has granted the villagers permission

to return. Designating the village

an archaeological site, the West Bank

Israeli Civil Administration

has forbidden any re-building,

including plastic sheets covering ruins.

Some of the men have returned with a small flock.

They shelter from the sun under what is left

of the olive groves – and from the cold night

in the rubble, with one of them on guard.

 

This is Zanuta, a Palestinian

Bedouin village on the high ridge of hills

twelve and half miles south of Hebron,

a continuous settlement since the iron age,

an Ottoman trading post on an ancient

caravan route, an ancestral place.

 

On the remaining section of one of the school’s

concrete walls are splayed handprints: near the top

are the teacher’s in white, and below, mostly

also in white but some sky blue, are

the children’s in neat rows.

 

 

 

 

OTHER PEOPLE’S FLOWERS: FOUR POEMS – ALAN HORNE    

Thank you to David Selzer for inviting me to present some more of my poems in the OTHER PEOPLE’S FLOWERS series on his website.

 

This selection begins with a translation of a poem by Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) which I started in a remarkable workshop with the poet and translator Sasha Dugdale at the Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, held on 21 September 2019.  It would not have been possible without Sasha Dugdale’s knowledge of the Russian language and of Akhmatova’s poetry. It amazed me that, with no knowledge of Russian myself, it was possible to produce what, for all its faults, is an original translation. Dugdale’s poetry collection, Joy, also made me pay proper attention to William and Catherine Blake. So thank you, Sasha.

 

There then follow three original poems definitely written by me, all addressed to someone no longer living; despite which, one of them answers back. The first is to Akhmatova, written when I was reading a lot by and about her and was struck by the way in which the story of her life often seemed to obscure her prodigious poetic gift and extensive body of work. The second is to an unnamed dead person, and took its origin from the funeral of a onetime work colleague which was beautifully done. It also picks up an idea I came across in The Guardian’s series of podcasts on the newspaper’s links to slavery, about the importance of being a good ancestor, or, at least, not a bad one. Finally, readers of David’s site may be familiar with the eighteenth-century Welsh poet Jane Brereton from the item about her in Between Rivers , and the last poem in this selection is an encounter and dialogue with her. She is a minor poet, but I have spent a good deal of time thinking about her. I was always very impressed by the title poem in Seamus Heaney’s Station Island, which imagines encounters with various people caught up in the conflict in Northern Ireland, and this is one influence on the poem to Brereton.

 

 

Here all is the same… by Anna Akhmatova (1912)

(Translated from the Russian.)

 

Here all is the same, the same as before,

Here dreams have lost their fight.

In a house by a road that’s a road no more

I must bar the shutters though still it’s light

 

My quiet house, bare and brusque,

Looks out at the wood through one pane.

Here they pulled a dead one out of a noose

And damned him now and again.

 

Whether in sadness or secret joy

For him only death was the big affair

His flickering shadow sometimes plays

On the rubbed-out plush of the chairs.

 

And the cuckoo-clock gladdens as night arrives,

Its regular chat is all the more clear

Into the slit I look.  Horse-thieves

Over the hills are lighting a bonfire.

 

And, in omen of bad weather near,

Low, low the smoke blows abroad.

I’m not afraid.  For luck I bear

A silk navy cord.

 

 

To Anna Akhmatova, in a Cheshire Coffee Shop 

 

Leaves of cake display themselves in the drawers,

and the wine-rack’s glassy grin bares dark red molars.

A hundred years, a thousand miles, the wars:

 

yet, dear Hooknose, you’ll find all this familiar.

As for the rest – famine, prison, shootings –

thus far, these we avoid; unlike you.

 

They say Modigliani drew you nude,

and, plainly, you were a bit of a one.

But me, I ask your photo for a clue:

 

how did you write it all, legend

and love-charm and lament? Now all’s complete,

Old Woman of Kitezh, young woman

 

of the horse thieves’ bonfire, will you not eat

this slice of Bakewell tart? It’s surely yours,

full of your raspberry sun; and none too sweet.

 

 

Ancestor

 

We’ll never get to heaven, that’s for sure,

but from here see something like,

the planets glittering beyond the lurid

 

floodlights at the sea-lock.

These hills our ancestors ploughed

over for refinery or saltworks,

 

and you’re one of them now,

buried by cow-parsley heath and oil dock

where the old ferry once put out.

 

It’s water country: pools and slimy rocks;

do not fall in. The loved ones

praised you so, that, for a moment, in the box

 

went all our petty, half-lived lives along

with yours. After all, you had the knack;

and now the evening cows make a mournful song:

 

they snort, and bend their backs

to see you slip away by sleight of hand,

leave them like painted boulders in the grass;

 

for in the casket’s just the candle-end,

but here’s a place where what you gave to others

can be dreamt on. Walks drop through pine-needle land

 

to the thistly fields, and on past concrete coffers

for reactor waste from subs. It’s top security.

I’ll tell them we saw nothing.

 

 

To Jane Brereton 

(born Mold, Flintshire 1685, died Wrexham, Denbighshire 1740)

 

My mind is a black slate fence, and on the lade

are shims of yellow leaf, but water clatters

over limestone, and here you are, with your maid

 

to carry the books and the old culture.

You make demure greeting. I do too;

then it all spills out. Your face is unclear

 

– there is no known likeness – but the wit is yours:

None can read me now! Surely my verse  

made home for beetles, crumbled long ago? 

 

How to explain? We have it in a moment, anywhere.

You gaze at the blocks of stone and rolls of hessian

tree-guards by the ride: a truck reverses.

 

So this is true. And all through Mr Newton’s 

subtle spirit hid within gross bodies’.

Now tell me this: is Humankind perfected under Reason?

 

Reason has done great good, I say, and equal bad.

You nod. And when I was a babe, women 

were hung for witchcraft through an abundance  

 

of religion, of a too officious faith.  

I say I love your letters, the clarity of argument.

And Mr Law, he is still read today.

 

But you are grave: I fear for controverting him. 

A devout and learned man. Noticing your dress,

the practical economy, the embroidered margins,

 

I recall the church under which your bones are lost:

my son and I searched it all out, peered

into alcoves, found no memorial. You are impressed:

 

Now that is fair defence against the sin of pride! 

Somewhere a hopper empties. What, you ask, of Britain,

of the Female Race, of Cambria, and bards?

 

My question: our lives, do they feel the same?

You smile.

I see that men still delvie in the rocks. 

I do not doubt we suffered the more pain,   

 

the iron cold, many young lives lost. 

And truly was my sex ruled by the rod. 

But correspondence, natural philosophy, 

 

the news of stars and nations: all Creation beckoned. 

The maid interjects in Welsh.  What she has said?

She asks of that most important point: what of God? 

 

Ah, I say. There we fail. A klaxon sounds

in the quarry. You raise gloved fingers I cannot touch.

The maid bobs. Into the frith you recede.

 

At the last, as you cross the ditch with its skin of dust,

I remember, have to shout: In Ruthin. I read your actual

letters. In the record office. I mean, what you posted.

 

In your hand.